Their normal position is below the pistil, and when they are so placed fig. 64, a upon the thalamus they are they become adherent to the petals, or are epipetalous, and the insertion of both is looked upon as similar, so that they are still hypogynous, provided they are independent of the calyx and the other cases they are perigynous or epigynous fig. Numerous intermediate forms occur, especially amongst Saxifragaceae, where the parts are half superior or half the stamens become adherent to the pistil so as to form a column, flower delivery shops in olympia flowers are said to be gynandrous, as in Aristolochia fig.

article These arrangements of parts are of great importance in stamens vary in number from one to many acyclic flowers there is often a gradual transition from petals to stamens, as in the white water-lily fig. When flowers become double by cultivation, the stamens are converted into petals, as in the paeony, camellia, rose, c. When there is only one whorl the stamens are usually equal in number to the sepals or petals, and are arranged opposite to the former, and alternate with the flower is then the stamens are not equal in number to the sepals or petals, the flower is there is more than one whorl of stamens, then the parts of each successive whorl alternate with those of the whorl preceding it.

The staminal row is more liable to multiplication of parts than the outer whorls. A flower with a single row of stamens is the stamens are double the sepals or petals as regards number, the flower is diplostemonous; if more than double, additional rows of FIG. - Flower of cowslip Primula veris cut vertically. s, Sepals joined to form a gamosepalous calyx; c, corolla consisting of tube and spreading limb; a, stamens springing from the mouth of the tube; p, pistil.

article - Irregular gamopetalous labiate corolla of the Dead-nettle Lamium album. The upper lip u is composed of two petals united, the lower lip 1 of the two lips there is a throat is the part where the tube and the labiate limb the arching of the upper lip this corolla is called ringent. - Irregular gamopetalous ligulate flower of Ragwort Senecio. - Flower of Paeonia peregrina,in longitudinal section. stamens may be developed in the usual centripetal acropetal order, as in Rhamnaceae; or they may be interposed between the pre-existing ones or be placed outside them, i.

develop centrifugally basipetally, as in geranium and oxalis, when the flower is said to be obdiplostemonous. When the stamens are fewer than twenty they are said to be definite; when above twenty they are indefinite, and are represented by the symbol 00. The number of stamens is indicated by the Greek numerals prefixed to the term androus; thus a flower with one stamen is monandrous, with two, three, four, five, six or many stamens, di- tri- tetr- pent- hexor polyandrous, respectively.

article The function of the stamen is the development and distribution of the stamen usually consists of two parts, a contracted portion, often thread-like, termed the filament fig. 25 f, and a broader portion, usually of two lobes, termed the anther a, containing the powdery pollen p, and supported upon the end of the portion of the filament in contact with the anther-lobes is termed the the FIG. c, Calyx; p, petal; e, stamen; s, calyx, petals and stamens spring from above the ovary o in which two chambers are shown each with a pendulous ovule; d, disc between the stamens and Strasburgers Lehrbuch mission of Gustav Fischer.

- Flowers of Aristolochia Clem- atitis cut through longitudinally. Young stamen is abortive, flower in which the stigma N is receptive and cannot perform and the stamens 3 have not yet opened; its II.

Older flower with the stamens S anther is developed o n the c orolla dried up. erX2 dth e hairs before the filament, and when the latter is not produced, the anther is sessile, as in the mistletoe. article The filament is usually, as its name imports, filiform or threadlike, and cylindrical, or slightly tapering towards its is often, however, thickened, compressed and flattened in various ways, becoming petaloid in Canna, Marania, water-lily fig. 32; subulate or slightly broadened at the base and drawn out into a point like an awl, as in Butomus umbellatus; or clavate, that is, narrow below and broad above, as in Thalictrum.

In some instances, as in Tamarix gallica, Peganum Harmala, and Campanula, the base of the filament is much dilated, and ends suddenly in a narrow thread-like these cases the base may give off lateral stipulary processes, as in Allium and Alyssum filament varies much in length and in length sometimes bears a relation to that of the pistil, and to the position of the flower, whether erect or filament is usually of sufficient solidity to support the anther in an erect position; but sometimes, as in grasses, and other wind-pollinated flowers, it is very delicate and hair-like, so that the anther is pendulous fig.

The filament is generally continuous from one end to the other, but in some cases it is bent or jointed, becoming geniculate; at other times, as in the pellitory, it is is colourless, or of different in fuchsia and Poinciana, it is red; in Adamia and Tradescantia virginica, blue; in Oenothera and Ranunculus acrisyellow. article Hairs, scales, teeth or processes of different kinds are some times developed on the spiderwort Tradescantia virginica the hairs are beautifully coloured, moniliform or necklace-like, and afford good objects for studying rotation of the are usually articulated to the thalamus or torus, and the stamens fall off after fertilization but in Campanula and some other plants they are continuous with the torus, and the stamens remain persistent, although in a withered are produced in the whorl of stamens by cohesion of the filaments to a greater or less extent, while the anthers remain free; thus, all the filaments of the androecium may unite, forming a tube round the pistil, or a central bundle when the pistil is abortive, the stamens becoming monadelphous, as occurs in plants of the Mallow tribe; or they may be arranged in two bundles, the stamens being diadelphous, as in Polygala, Fumaria and Pea; in this case the bundles may be equal or frequently happens, especially in Papilionaceous flowers, that out of ten flower delivery carrollton tx nine are united by their filaments, while one the postericr one is free fig.

When there are three or more bundles the stamens are triadelphous, as in Hypericum aegyptiacum, or polyadelphous, as in Ricinus communis castor-oil. In some cases, as in papilionaceous flowers, the stamens cohere, having been originally separate, but in most cases each bundle is produced by the branching of a single there are three stamens in a bundle we may conceive the lateral ones as of a stipulary Lauraceae there are perfect stamens, each having at the base of the filament two abortive stamens or staminodes, which may be analogous to sometimes are adherent to the pistil, forming a column gynostemium, as in Stylidium, Asclepiadaceae, Rafflesia, and Aristolochiaceae fig.

article - Quadrilocular or tetrathecal anther of the flower delivery baskets Rush Butomus umbellatus. The anther entire a with its filament; section of anther b showing the four loculi. The anther consists of lobes containing the minute powdery pollen grains, which, when mature, are discharged by a fissure or opening of some is a double covering of the anther - the outer, or exothecium, resembles the epidermis,and often presents stomata and projections of different kinds fig.

69; the inner, or endothecium, is formed by a layer or layers of cellular tissue fig. 69, cf, the cells of which der Botanik, by per FIG. - Spikelet of Reed Phragmites communis opened out. a, b, Barren glumes; c, fertile glumes, each enclosing one flower with its pale, d; the zigzag axis rhachilla bears long silky hairs. In the young state there are usually four pollen-sacs, two for each anther-lobe, and when these remain permanently complete it is a quadrilocular or tetrathecal anther fig.

Sometimes, however, only two cavities remain in the anther, by union of the sacs in each lobe, in which case the anther is said to be bilocular or the anther has a single cavity, and becomes unilocular, or monothecal, or dimidiate, either by the disappearance of the partition between the two lobes, or by the abortion of one of its lobes, as in Styphelia laeta and Althaea officinalis hollyhock. Occasionally there are numerous cavities in the anther, as in Viscum and form of the anther-lobes are generally of a more or less oval or elliptical form, or they may be globular, as in Mercurialis annua; at other times linear or clavate, curved, flexuose, or sinuose, as in bryony and to the amount of union of the lobes and the unequal development of different parts of their surface an infinite variety of forms is part of the anther to which the filament is attached is the back, the opposite being the division between the lobes is marked on the face of the anther by a groove or furrow, and there is usually on the face a suture, indicating the line of suture is often towards one side in consequence of the valves being stamens may cohere by their anthers, and become syngenesious, as in composite flowers, and in lobelia, jasione, c.

article The anther-lobes are united to the connective, which is either continuous with the filament or articulated with it. When the filament is continuous with the connective, and is prolonged so that the anther-lobes appear to be united to it throughout their whole length, and lie in apposition to it and on both sides of it, the anther is said to be adnate or adherent; when the filament ends at the base of the anther, then the latter is innate or these cases the anther is to a greater or less degree fixed.

When, however, the attachment is very narrow, and an articulation exists, the anthers are movable versatile and are easily turned by the wind, as in Tritonia, grasses fig.where the filament is attached only to the middle of the connective may unite the antherlobes completely or only is sometimes very short and is discount flower delivery oregon to a mere point, so that the lobes are separate or other times it is prolonged upwards beyond the lobes, assuming various forms, as in Acalypha and oleander; or it is extended backwards and downwards, as in violet fig.

71, forming a nectar-secreting Salvia officinalis the connective is attached to the filament in a horizontal manner, so as to separate the two anther-lobes fig.