When the stamens are fewer than twenty they are said to be definite; when above twenty they are indefinite, and are represented by the symbol 00. The number of stamens is indicated by the Greek numerals prefixed to the term androus; thus a flower with one stamen is monandrous, with two, three, four, five, six or many stamens, di- tri- tetr- pent- hexor polyandrous, respectively.

article The function of the stamen is the development and distribution of the stamen usually consists of two parts, a contracted portion, often thread-like, termed the filament fig. 25 f, and a broader portion, usually of two lobes, termed the anther a, containing the powdery pollen p, and supported upon the end of the portion of the filament in contact with the anther-lobes is termed flower delivery dayton ohio the FIG.

c, Calyx; p, petal; e, stamen; s, calyx, petals and stamens spring from above the ovary o in which two chambers are shown each with a pendulous ovule; d, disc between the stamens and Strasburgers Lehrbuch mission of Gustav Fischer. - Flowers of Aristolochia Clem- atitis cut through longitudinally. Young stamen is abortive, flower in which the stigma N is flower delivery in mississauga and cannot perform and the stamens 3 have not yet opened; flower delivery dayton ohio II.

Older flower with the stamens S anther is developed o n the c orolla dried up. erX2 dth e hairs before the filament, and when the latter is not produced, the anther is sessile, as in the mistletoe.

article The filament is usually, as its name imports, filiform or threadlike, and cylindrical, or slightly tapering towards its is often, however, thickened, compressed and flattened in various ways, becoming petaloid in Canna, Marania, water-lily fig. 32; subulate or slightly broadened at the base and drawn out into a point like an awl, as in Butomus umbellatus; or clavate, that is, narrow below and broad above, as in Thalictrum.

In some instances, as in Tamarix gallica, Peganum Harmala, and Campanula, the base of the filament is much dilated, and ends suddenly in a narrow thread-like these cases the base may give off lateral stipulary processes, as in Allium and Alyssum filament varies much in length and in length sometimes bears a relation to that of the flower delivery dayton ohio, and to the position of the flower, whether erect or filament is usually of sufficient solidity to support the anther in an erect position; but sometimes, as in grasses, and other wind-pollinated flowers, it is very delicate and hair-like, so flower delivery dayton ohio the anther is pendulous fig.

The filament is generally continuous from one end to the other, but in some cases it is bent or jointed, becoming geniculate; at other times, as in the pellitory, it is is colourless, or of different in fuchsia and Poinciana, it is red; in Adamia and Tradescantia virginica, blue; in Oenothera and Ranunculus acrisyellow. article Hairs, scales, teeth or processes of same day delivery flowers under $20.00 kinds are some times developed on the spiderwort Tradescantia virginica the hairs are beautifully coloured, moniliform or necklace-like, and afford good objects for studying rotation of the are usually articulated to the thalamus or torus, and the stamens fall off after fertilization but flower delivery dayton ohio Campanula and some other flower delivery dayton ohio they are continuous with the torus, and the flower delivery dayton ohio remain persistent, although in a withered are flower delivery dayton ohio in the whorl of stamens by cohesion of the filaments to a greater flower delivery dayton ohio less extent, while the anthers remain free; thus, all flower delivery dayton ohio filaments of the androecium may unite, flower delivery dayton ohio a tube round the pistil, or a central bundle when the pistil is abortive, the stamens becoming monadelphous, as occurs in plants of the Mallow tribe; or they may be arranged in two bundles, the stamens being diadelphous, as in Polygala, Fumaria and Pea; in this case the bundles may be equal or frequently happens, especially in Papilionaceous flowers, that out of ten stamens nine are united by their filaments, while one the postericr one is free fig.

When there are three or more bundles the stamens are triadelphous, as in Hypericum aegyptiacum, or polyadelphous, as in Ricinus communis castor-oil. In some cases, as in papilionaceous flowers, the stamens cohere, having been originally separate, but in most cases each bundle is produced by the branching of a single there are three stamens in a bundle we may conceive the lateral ones as of a stipulary Lauraceae there are perfect stamens, each having at the base of the filament two abortive stamens or staminodes, which may be analogous to sometimes are adherent to the pistil, forming a column gynostemium, as in Stylidium, Asclepiadaceae, Rafflesia, and Aristolochiaceae fig.

article - Quadrilocular or tetrathecal anther of the flowering Rush Butomus umbellatus. The anther entire a with its filament; section of anther b showing the four loculi. The flower delivery dayton ohio consists of lobes containing the minute powdery pollen grains, which, when mature, are discharged by a fissure or opening of some is a double covering of the anther - the outer, or exothecium, resembles the epidermis,and often presents stomata and projections of different kinds fig.

69; the inner, or endothecium, is formed by a layer or layers of cellular tissue fig. 69, cf, the cells of which der Botanik, by per FIG. - Spikelet of Reed Phragmites communis opened out. a, b, Barren glumes; c, fertile glumes, each enclosing one flower with its flower delivery dayton ohio, d; the zigzag axis rhachilla bears long silky hairs. In the young state there are usually four pollen-sacs, two for each anther-lobe, and when these remain permanently complete it is a flower delivery dayton ohio or tetrathecal anther fig.

Sometimes, however, only two cavities remain in the anther, by union of the sacs in each lobe, in champaign delivery flower mound texas case the anther is said to be bilocular or the anther has a single cavity, and becomes unilocular, or monothecal, or dimidiate, either flower delivery dayton ohio the disappearance of the partition between the two lobes, or by the abortion of one of its lobes, as in Styphelia laeta and Althaea officinalis hollyhock.

Occasionally there are numerous cavities in the anther, as in Viscum and form of the anther-lobes are generally of a more or less oval or elliptical form, or they may be globular, flower delivery dayton ohio in Mercurialis annua; at other times flower delivery dayton ohio or clavate, curved, flexuose, or sinuose, as in bryony and to the amount of union of the lobes and the unequal development of different parts of their surface an infinite variety of forms is part of the anther to which the filament is attached is the back, the opposite being the division between the lobes is marked on the face of the anther by a groove or furrow, and there is usually on the face a suture, indicating the line of suture is often towards one side in consequence of the valves being stamens may cohere by their anthers, and become syngenesious, as in composite flowers, and in lobelia, jasione, c.

article The anther-lobes are united to the connective, which is either continuous with the filament or articulated with it. When the filament is continuous with the connective, and is prolonged so that the anther-lobes appear to be united to it flower delivery dayton ohio their whole length, and lie in apposition to it and on both sides of it, the anther is said to be adnate or adherent; when the filament ends at the base of the anther, then the latter is innate or these cases the anther is to a greater or less degree fixed.

When, however, the attachment is very narrow, and an articulation exists, the anthers are movable versatile and are easily turned by the wind, as in Tritonia, grasses fig.where the filament is attached only to the middle of the connective may unite the antherlobes completely or only is sometimes very short and is reduced to a mere flower delivery dayton ohio, so that the lobes are separate or other times it is prolonged upwards beyond the lobes, assuming various forms, as in Acalypha and oleander; or it is extended backwards and downwards, as in flower delivery dayton ohio fig.

71, forming a nectar-secreting Salvia officinalis the connective is attached to the filament in a horizontal manner, so as to separate the two anther-lobes fig. 72, one only of which contains pollen, the other being imperfectly developed and connective is joined to the filament by a movable joint forming a lever which plays an important part in the Stachys the connective is expanded laterally, so as to unite the bases of the anther-lobes and bring them into a horizontal line.

article The opening or dehiscence of the anthers to discharge their contents takes place either by clefts, by valves, or by the anther-lobes are erect, the cleft is lengthwise along the line of the suture - longitudinal dehiscence fig.

At other flower delivery dayton ohio the slit is flower delivery dayton ohio, from the connective to the - side, as in Alchemilla arvensis fig. 73 and in Lemna; the dehiscence is then the anther lobes are rendered horizontal by the enlargement of the connective, then what is really longitudinal dehiscence may appear to be cleft does not always proceed the whole flower delivery dayton ohio of the anther-lobe at once, but often for a time it extends only other flower delivery dayton ohio the opening is confined to the base or apex, each loculament opening by a single pore, as in Pyrola, Tetratheca juncea, Rhododendron, Vaccinium and Solanum fig.

74, where there are two, and Poranthera, where there are four; whilst in the mistletoe the anther flower delivery dayton ohio numerous pores for the flower delivery dayton ohio of the mode of dehiscence is the valvular, as in the barberry fig. 75, where each lobe opens by a valve on the outer side of the suture, separately rolling up from base to apex; in some of the laurel flower delivery dayton ohio there are two such valves for flower delivery dayton ohio lobe, or four in some Guttiferae, as Flower delivery dayton ohio cambogioides the Ceylon gamboge plant, the anther opens by a lid separating from the apex circumscissile dehiscence.

article The anthers dehisce at different periods during the process of flowering; sometimes in the bud, but more commonly when the pistil is fully developed and the flower is either dehisce simultaneously or in the latter case individual stamens may move in succession towards the pistil and discharge their contents, as in Parnassia palustris, or the outer or the inner stamens may first dehisce, following thus a centripetal or centrifugal variations are intimately connected with the arrangements for transference of anthers are called introrse when they dehisce by the surface next to the centre of the flower; they are extrorse when they dehisce by the outer surface; when they dehisce by the sides, as in Iris and some grasses, they are laterally dehiscent.

Sometimes, from their versatile nature, anthers originally introrse become extrorse, as in the Passionflower and Oxalis.

The usual colour of anthers is yellow, but they present a great variety in this are red in the peach, dark purple in the poppy and tulip, orange in Eschscholtzia, c. The colour and appearance of the anthers often change after they have discharged their functions.

article Stamens occasionally become sterile by the degeneration or non-development of the anthers, when they are known as staminodia, or rudimentary Scrophularia the fifth stamen appears in the form of a scale; and in many Pentstemons it is reduced to a filament with hairs or a shrivelled membrane at the other cases, as in double flowers, the stamens are converted into petals; this is also probably the case with such FIG.

- Two stamens of Pansy Viola tricolor, with their two anther-lobes and the connectives p extending beyond of the stamens has been deprived of its spur, the other shows its spur c. lf, fertile lobe full of pollen; flower delivery online florists, barren lobe without pollen; e, connective; f, filament.

- Stamen of a species of Nightshade Solanum, showing the divergence of the flower delivery dayton ohio at the base, and the dehiscence by pores at the apex.

- The stamen of the Barberry Berberis vulgaris, flower delivery dayton ohio one of the valves of the anther v curved upwards, bearing the pollen on its inner surface. plants as Mesembryanthemum, where there is a multiplication of petals in several rows. Sometimes, as in Canna, one of the anther-lobes becomes abortive, and a petaloid appendage is vary in length as regards the are enclosed within the tube of the flower, as in Cinchona included; others are exserted, or extend beyond the flower, as in Littorella or the stamens in the early state of the flower project beyond the petals, and in the progress of growth become included, as in Geranium also vary in their relative there is more than one row or whorl in a flower, those on the outside are sometimes longest, as in many Rosaceae; at other times those in the interior are longest, as in the stamens are in two rows, those opposite the petals are usually shorter than those which alternate with the sometimes happens that a single stamen is longer than all the rest.

A definite relation, as regards I. number, sometimes exists between the long and the short stamens. Thus, in some flowers the stamens are didynamous, having only four out of five stamens developed, cheap flower delivery dallas the two corresponding to the upper part of the flower longer than the two lateral occurs in Labiatae and Scrophulariaceae fig.

Again, in flower delivery dayton ohio cases there are six stamens, whereof four long ones are arranged in pairs opposite to each other, and alternate with two isolated short ones fig. 77, giving rise flower delivery dayton ohio tetradynamous flowers, as in Cruciferae. Flower delivery dayton ohio, as regards their direction, may be erect, turned inwards, outwards, or to one the last-mentioned case they are called declinate, as in amaryllis, horse-chestnut and fraxinella.

article The pollen-grains or microspores contained in the anther consist of small cells, which are developed in the large thick-walled mother-cells formed in the interior of the pollen-sacs microsporangia of the young mother-cells are either separated from one another and float in the granular fluid which fills up the cavity flower delivery dayton ohio the pollen-sac, or are not so isolated.