In some instances, as in Tamarix gallica, Peganum Harmala, and Campanula, the base of flower delivery vietnam filament is much dilated, flower delivery vietnam ends suddenly in a narrow thread-like these cases the base may give off lateral stipulary flower delivery astoria, as in Allium and Alyssum filament flower delivery vietnam much in length and in length sometimes bears a flower delivery vietnam to that of the pistil, and to the position of the flower, whether erect or filament is usually of sufficient solidity to support the anther in an erect position; but sometimes, as in grasses, flower delivery vietnam other wind-pollinated flowers, it is very delicate and hair-like, so that the anther is pendulous fig.

The filament is generally continuous from one end to the other, but in some cases it is bent or jointed, becoming geniculate; at other times, as in the pellitory, it is is colourless, or of different in fuchsia and Poinciana, it is red; in Adamia and Tradescantia virginica, blue; in Oenothera and Ranunculus acrisyellow.

article Hairs, scales, teeth or processes of different kinds are some times developed on the spiderwort Tradescantia virginica the hairs are beautifully coloured, moniliform or necklace-like, and afford good objects for flower delivery vietnam rotation of flower delivery vietnam are usually articulated to the thalamus or torus, and the stamens fall off after fertilization but in Campanula and some other plants they are continuous with the torus, and the stamens remain persistent, although in a withered are produced in the whorl of stamens by cohesion of the filaments to a greater or less extent, while the anthers remain free; thus, all the filaments of the androecium may unite, forming a tube round the pistil, or a central bundle when the pistil is abortive, the stamens flower delivery vietnam monadelphous, as occurs in plants of the Mallow tribe; or they may flower delivery vietnam arranged in two bundles, the stamens being diadelphous, as in Polygala, Fumaria and Pea; in this case the bundles may be equal or frequently happens, especially in Papilionaceous flowers, that out of ten stamens nine are united by their filaments, while one the postericr one is free fig.

When there are three or more bundles the stamens are triadelphous, as in Hypericum aegyptiacum, or polyadelphous, as in Ricinus communis castor-oil. In some cases, as in papilionaceous flowers, the stamens cohere, having been originally separate, but in most cases each bundle is produced by the branching of a single there are three stamens in a bundle we may conceive the lateral ones as of a stipulary Lauraceae there are perfect stamens, each having at the base flower delivery vietnam the filament two abortive stamens or staminodes, which may be analogous to sometimes are adherent to the pistil, forming a column gynostemium, as in Stylidium, Asclepiadaceae, Rafflesia, and Aristolochiaceae fig.

article - Quadrilocular or tetrathecal anther of the flowering Rush Butomus umbellatus. The anther entire a with its filament; section of anther b showing the four loculi. The anther consists of lobes flower delivery vietnam the minute powdery pollen grains, which, when mature, are discharged by a fissure or opening of some is a double flower delivery vietnam of the anther - the outer, or exothecium, resembles the epidermis,and often presents stomata and projections of different kinds fig.

69; the inner, or endothecium, is formed by a layer or layers of cellular tissue fig. 69, cf, the cells of which der Botanik, by per FIG. - Spikelet of Reed Phragmites communis opened out. a, b, Barren glumes; c, fertile glumes, each enclosing one flower with its pale, d; the zigzag axis rhachilla bears long silky hairs.

In the young state there are usually four pollen-sacs, two for each anther-lobe, and when these remain permanently complete it is a quadrilocular or tetrathecal anther fig. Sometimes, however, only two cavities remain in the anther, by union of the sacs in each lobe, in which case the anther is said to be bilocular or the anther has a single cavity, and becomes unilocular, or monothecal, or dimidiate, either by the disappearance of the partition between the two lobes, or by the abortion of one of its lobes, as in Styphelia laeta and Althaea officinalis hollyhock.

Occasionally there are numerous flower delivery vietnam in the anther, as in Viscum and form of the anther-lobes are generally of a more or less oval or elliptical form, or they may be globular, as in Mercurialis annua; at other times linear or clavate, curved, flexuose, or sinuose, as in bryony and to the amount of union of the lobes and the unequal development of different parts of flower delivery vietnam surface an infinite variety of forms is part of the anther to which the filament is attached is the back, the opposite being the division between the lobes is marked on the face of the anther by a groove or furrow, and there is usually on the face a suture, indicating the line of suture is often towards one side in consequence of the valves being stamens may cohere by their anthers, and become syngenesious, as in composite flowers, and in lobelia, jasione, c.

article The anther-lobes are united to the flower delivery vietnam, which is either continuous with the filament or articulated with it.

When the filament is continuous with the connective, and is prolonged so that the anther-lobes appear to be united to it throughout flower delivery vietnam whole length, and lie in apposition to it and on both sides of it, the anther is said to be adnate or adherent; when the filament ends at the base of the anther, then the latter is innate or these cases the anther is to a greater or less degree fixed. When, however, the attachment is very narrow, and an articulation exists, the anthers are movable versatile and are easily turned by the wind, as in Tritonia, grasses fig.where the flower delivery vietnam is attached only to the middle of the connective may unite the antherlobes completely or only is sometimes very short and is reduced to a mere point, so that the lobes are separate or other times it is prolonged upwards beyond the lobes, assuming various forms, as in Acalypha and oleander; or it is extended backwards and downwards, as in violet fig.

71, forming a nectar-secreting Salvia officinalis the connective is flower delivery vietnam to the filament in a horizontal manner, so as to separate the two anther-lobes fig. 72, one only of which contains pollen, flower delivery vietnam other being imperfectly developed and connective is joined to the filament by a movable joint forming a lever flower delivery vietnam plays an important part in the Stachys the connective is expanded laterally, so as to unite flower delivery vietnam bases of the anther-lobes and bring them into a horizontal line.

article Flower delivery vietnam opening or dehiscence of the anthers to discharge their contents takes place either by clefts, by valves, or by the anther-lobes are erect, the cleft is lengthwise along the line of the suture - longitudinal dehiscence fig. At other times the flower delivery vietnam is horizontal, from the connective to the - side, as in Alchemilla arvensis fig. 73 and in Flower delivery vietnam the dehiscence is then the anther lobes are rendered horizontal by the enlargement of the connective, then what is really longitudinal dehiscence may appear to be cleft does not always proceed the whole length of the anther-lobe at once, but often for a time it extends only other instances the opening is confined to the base or apex, each loculament opening by a single pore, as in Pyrola, Tetratheca juncea, Rhododendron, Vaccinium and Solanum fig.

74, where there are two, and Poranthera, where there are four; whilst in the mistletoe the anther has numerous pores for the discharge of the mode of dehiscence is the valvular, as in the barberry fig.

75, where each lobe opens by a valve on the outer side of the flower delivery vietnam, separately rolling up from base to apex; in some of the laurel tribe there are two such valves for each lobe, or four in flower delivery vietnam Guttiferae, as Hebradendron cambogioides the Ceylon gamboge plant, the anther opens by a lid separating from the apex circumscissile dehiscence.

article The anthers dehisce at different periods during the process of flowering; sometimes in the bud, but more commonly when the pistil is fully developed and the flower is either dehisce simultaneously or in the latter case individual stamens may move in succession towards the pistil and discharge their contents, as in For flowers and flower deliveries palustris, or the outer or the inner stamens may first dehisce, following thus a centripetal or centrifugal variations are intimately connected with the arrangements for transference of anthers are flower delivery vietnam introrse when they dehisce by the surface next to the centre of the flower; they are extrorse when they dehisce by the outer surface; when they dehisce by the sides, as in Iris and some grasses, they are laterally dehiscent.

Sometimes, from their versatile nature, anthers originally introrse become extrorse, as in the Passionflower and Oxalis.

The usual colour of anthers is yellow, but they present a great variety in this are red in the peach, dark purple in the poppy and tulip, orange in Eschscholtzia, c. The colour and appearance of the anthers often change after they have discharged their functions.

article Stamens occasionally become sterile by the degeneration or non-development of flower delivery vietnam anthers, when they are known as staminodia, or rudimentary Scrophularia the fifth stamen appears in the form of a scale; and in many Pentstemons it is reduced to a filament with hairs or a shrivelled membrane at the other cases, as in double flowers, the stamens are converted into petals; this is also probably the case with such FIG.

- Two stamens of Pansy Viola tricolor, with their two anther-lobes and the connectives p extending beyond of the stamens has been deprived of its spur, the other shows its spur c.

lf, fertile lobe full of pollen; ls, barren lobe without pollen; e, connective; f, filament. - Stamen of a species of Nightshade Solanum, showing the divergence of the anther-lobes at the base, and the dehiscence by pores at the apex.

- The flower delivery vietnam of the Barberry Berberis vulgaris, showing one of the valves of the anther v curved upwards, bearing the pollen on its inner surface. plants as Mesembryanthemum, where there is a multiplication of petals in several rows. Sometimes, as in Canna, one of the anther-lobes becomes abortive, and a petaloid appendage is vary in length as regards flower delivery vietnam are enclosed within the tube of the flower, as in Cinchona included; others are exserted, or extend beyond the flower, as in Littorella or the stamens in the early state of the flower project beyond the petals, and in the progress of growth become included, as in Geranium also vary in their relative there is more than one row or whorl in a flower, those on the outside are sometimes longest, as in many Rosaceae; at other times those in the interior are longest, as in the stamens are in two rows, those opposite the petals are usually shorter than those which alternate with the sometimes happens that a single stamen is longer than all the rest.

A definite relation, as regards I. number, sometimes exists between the long and the short flower delivery vietnam. Thus, in some flowers the flower delivery vietnam are didynamous, having only four out of five stamens developed, and the two corresponding to the upper part of the flower longer than the two lateral occurs in Labiatae and Scrophulariaceae fig.

Again, in other cases there are six stamens, whereof four long ones are flower delivery vietnam in pairs opposite to each other, and flower delivery vietnam with two isolated short ones fig. 77, giving rise to tetradynamous flowers, as in Cruciferae. Stamens, as regards their direction, may be erect, turned inwards, outwards, or to one the last-mentioned case they are called declinate, as in amaryllis, horse-chestnut and fraxinella.

article The pollen-grains or microspores contained in the anther consist of small cells, which are developed in the large thick-walled mother-cells formed in the interior of the pollen-sacs microsporangia of flower delivery vietnam young mother-cells are either separated from one another and float in the granular fluid which fills up the cavity of the pollen-sac, or are not so isolated. A division takes place, by which four cells are formed in each, the exact mode of division differing in dicotyledons and cells are the increase in size and acquire a cell-wall, which becomes differentiated into an outer cuticular layer, or flower delivery vietnam, and an inner layer, or intine.

Then the walls of the mother-cells are absorbed, and the pollengrains float freely in the fluid of the pollen-sacs, which gradually disappears, and the mature grains form a powdery mass within the then either remain united in fours, or multiples of four, as in some flower delivery vietnam, Periploca graeca and Inga anomala, or separate into individual grains, which by degrees become mature pollen.

Occasionally the membrane of the mother-cell is not completely absorbed, and traces of it are detected in a viscid matter surrounding the pollen-grains, as in orchidaceous plants the flower delivery vietnam are united into masses, or pollinia fig.

78, by means of viscid orchids each of the pollen-masses has a prolongation or stalk caudicle which adheres to a prolongation at the base of the flower delivery vietnam rostellum by means of a viscid gland flower delivery vietnam which is either naked or term clinandrium is sometimes applied to the part of the column in orchids where the stamens are some orchids, as Cypripedium, the pollen has its ordinary character of separate number of pollinia varies; thus, in Orchis there are usually two, in Cattleya four, and in Laelia two pollinia in Orchis Morio contain each about 200 secondary smaller small masses, when bruised, divide into grains which are united in Flower delivery vietnam the pollinia are usually united in pairs fig.

79, belonging to two contiguous anther-lobes - each pollen-mass having a FIG. article - Pollinia, or pollen-masses, with flower delivery vietnam retinacula g or viscid matter attaching them flower delivery vietnam the pollen masses p are supported on stalks or caudicles c.

These masses are easily detached by the agency of enlarged. caudicular appendage, ending in a common gland, by means of which they flower delivery vietnam attached to a process of the pollinia are also provided with an appendicular staminal covering fig. The extine is a firm membrane, which defines the figure of the pollen-grain, and gives colour to it. It is either smooth, or covered flower delivery vietnam numerous projections fig. 81, granules, flower delivery vietnam or crested colour is generally yellow, and the surface is often covered with a viscid or oily intine is uniform in different kinds of pollen, thin and transparent, and possesses great power of some aquatics, as Zostera, Zannichellia, Naias, flower delivery vietnam. Pollen-grains vary from a o 0 - to o-y of an inch or less in forms are most common form of grain is ellipsoidal, more or less narrow at the extremities, which are called its poles, in contradistinction to a line equidistant from the extremities, flower delivery vietnam is its equator.

Pollen-grains are also spherical; cylindrical and flower delivery vietnam, as in Tradescantia virginica; C From Vines Students Flower delivery vietnam of Botany, by permission of Swan Sonnenschein Co. flower delivery vietnam - Germinating pollengrain of Epilobium highly mag.